RAF Rivenhall event remembers ‘forgotten’ WW2 airborne operation

Operation Varsity “was the battle that ended” World War Two in Europe, yet it is largely unknown to all but military history buffs.

British, Canadian and American forces took off mostly from Essex airfields on 24 March 1945, to be dropped directly on top of the German lines at the River Rhine.

Paratroopers and gliders packed with men descended into fierce fighting conditions which resulted in rapid success, but huge loss of life. About six weeks later, the Western Allies had met the Russians in Berlin and Victory in Europe was declared.

Chris Bullock has organised an event at one of the departure airfields, RAF Rivenhall, to remember those who died, saying “it’s an untold story”.

“When you see a video of the men at Rivenhall with their final brew, giving the thumbs up and the V for victory sign before they get into their gliders and you know some of them didn’t come home, within three hours they were dead – it’s important to tell that story,” he said.

Peter Davies, 102, took off from RAF Woodbridge in Suffolk towed by a Dakota plane and carrying “a 17-pounder gun, towing vehicle and gun detachment of eight personnel”.

He had volunteered for the Glider Pilot Regiment in 1942 because he thought it would be “more exciting” than his time as an Army private manning a Royal Artillery anti-aircraft unit.

“It’s like flying a brick – there’s only one way, and it’s down,” said Mr Davies, from Bollington, Cheshire, describing what it was like once the the glider was loosed.

“There was a hell of a lot of flak, we lost our controls and having lost a great chunk of one wing, we were pulling deeper and deeper into enemy ground.

“When we hit the ground – and I do mean hit – we were very much in the wrong place amongst a load of very angry Germans, and it was total chaos.”

One American glider came down within 50m (about 160ft) of him, “and not one man got out alive because the Germans were there as well”.

But with co-pilot Bert Bowman, he made it across the battlefield to their intended drop zone and returned to Britain.

“The Allies landed directly on top of the Germans and lots of gliders were shot down and lots of paratroopers were shot in the skies – 80 people from RAF Rivenhall alone lost their lives,” said Mr Bullock, 56, who served in the 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment for 25 years.

Operation Varsity was the largest single airborne operation in history, with more than 16,000 men were dropped into western Germany on the same day.

Its aim was to establish a bridgehead across the River Rhine for the main Allied advance into Germany and push rapidly towards the Russian forces arriving from the east.

The first part was the ground offensive Operation Plunder, “which was the biggest-ever river crossing and was done by British and Canadian forces”, Mr Bullock said.

The intention was for the amphibious troops on the western side of the Rhine to join up with the airborne troops dropped to its east.

Varsity took place just five months after the disastrous Battle of Arnhem, which resulted in 90% casualties to the Glider Pilot Regiment.

RAF pilots such as Brian Latham, who had been sent to Texas, to learn to fly fighter planes, were among hundreds who “volunteered” for glider service.

“If we didn’t volunteer, we were told we’d never fly again and be made to join the infantry or go down a mine,” said Mr Latham, 101, from Llandudno, Conway, Wales.

However, he soon realised being a gilder pilot was “an elite, like the Commandos”.

“We were not toughies and they made us toughies – I became a trained infantry man,” he said.

Flying from RAF Gosfield, near Braintree, Essex, Mr Latham carried a mortar section, with a Jeep and trailer, and was dropped into ground smoke and heavy anti-aircraft fire.

“We just dived into the smoke and it was all very exciting and we landed just where we should have done at Hamminkeln,” he said.

“We were then by a bridge, held by the Royal Ulster Rifles, which was attacked by German tanks until the British 2nd Army came up [having crossed the Rhine].”

Eventually he was returned to the UK, but grateful not to go back to his home station of RAF Broadwell in Oxfordshire, because “we’d lost too many people”.

Of the 890 Glider Pilot Regiment personnel who took part in Varsity, more than 20% of them were killed or wounded.

“We were dropped right in amongst the Germans, which had never been tried before, and we knew it was a suicide drop,” said Danny Mason, who had qualified to join the Parachute Regiment aged 19 just a week earlier.

“But it didn’t bother us. We were young and keen and thought, ‘We’ll be all right, we’ll be fine’.”

Now 98 and living in Ludlow, Shropshire, Mr Mason added: “We also thought the Germans were losing and weren’t in good fighting condition and this’ll be easy – but it wasn’t. We had a very high casualty rate.”

At least 1,070 members of the US 17th Airborne Division and the British 6th Airborne Division, which included the Canadians, were killed and thousands more were wounded.

“But within four or five hours we had accomplished what we had set out to do,” Mr Mason said.

He advanced 600 miles through Germany within a fortnight until he was injured.

“It was the battle that ended the war, yet nobody was interested in it,” he said.

“I asked my old commanding officer about it and he said it was because everyone was fed up. It was six years of war and it was such a huge relief when VE Day came.”

Mr Bullock provided some additional context.

“Three weeks after Varsity, Belsen concentration camp was liberated. Two weeks after, Hitler killed himself, and a week after that Germany capitulated – it’s probably hardly talked about because events overtook themselves.”

Now working as an international operations security manager for the BBC, he lives near RAF Rivenhall and began researching its story 10 years ago.

Sixty gliders towed by two RAF squadrons left the airfield at 07:00 GMT on 24 March 1945, carrying part of the 6th Airborne Division.

But some of that history is still lost.

“There are no records left of who flew on which glider and what happened to each man – only the anecdotal evidence and individual stories I’ve managed to track down,” he said.

He has commissioned a memorial to “remember all those who flew from Rivenhall and died on that day”.

It will be unveiled at an event on 23 March, with military vehicles, static stands, re-enactors, presentations and a flypast by a Dakota.

A memorial service will be held the next day at 07:00 GMT.

With thanks to The Glider Pilot Regiment Society and The Parachute Regimental Association.